Common opinion associates intelligence almost exclusively with IQ, a score derived from standardized tests that measure cognitive abilities such as logic, memory, and problem-solving. While useful, these tests profoundly limit the perspective on a person’s potential. Howard Gardner, through his theory of multiple intelligences and the SPECTRUM educational program, encourages exploring various forms of intelligence to help children fail less and learn better. This, combined with Carol Dweck’s concept of mindset, can revolutionize how parents and teachers approach child development—or at least has aimed to since the 1980s.

The Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Gardner proposes eight primary types of intelligence, each reflecting unique and valuable ways of functioning in a diverse world:

  • Logical-mathematical intelligence – Skills in calculation and logical problem-solving, relevant to science and technology.
  • Linguistic intelligence – Talent for language, verbal expression, and creative writing.
  • Musical intelligence – The ability to understand rhythms, tones, and sounds.
  • Kinesthetic intelligence – Motor skills and physical coordination, valuable in sports or dance.
  • Visual-spatial intelligence – Aptitude for visualizing and manipulating objects in space, essential in architecture or visual arts.
  • Interpersonal intelligence – Sensitivity to others’ emotions and needs, crucial in leadership and relationships.
  • Intrapersonal intelligence – Self-awareness and emotional self-regulation.
  • Naturalist intelligence – The ability to identify and classify natural elements, essential in environmental sciences.

Through his research, Gardner shows that IQ tests completely overlook a broad spectrum of a person’s reality, limiting the understanding of a child’s abilities. Creative, social, or emotional intelligences are defining traits for life success and cannot be reduced to IQ.

Mindset: How to Think in Terms of Potential

Carol Dweck introduces the concept of fixed mindset and growth mindset. Children with a fixed mindset believe their abilities are static, while those with a growth mindset understand that effort and perseverance can develop their talents. This approach helps children build resilience and a desire to learn rather than avoid failure. However, mindset is not innate; it is an attitude taught at home and in school. If adults can grasp a child’s full potential, they can encourage development in directions favorable to the child. Evaluating and sorting children into classes based on IQ only deepens disadvantages and limits options.

How to Better Assess a Child’s Potential

To overcome the limitations of IQ, parents and teachers can use practical strategies to identify and support children’s strengths:

  • Active observation: Carefully note moments when a child shines—whether solving a puzzle, writing a story, or performing a song.
  • Creating varied opportunities: Offer diverse activities, including art, sports, science, music, and team games.
  • Encouraging a growth mindset: Praise effort and progress, not just final results.
  • Collaborating with specialists: Working with teachers, counselors, or educational psychologists can provide new perspectives on the child’s development.

Concrete Examples

  • A child struggling with chemistry but excelling in drawing might be guided toward architecture or graphic design.
  • A student who communicates well with peers could be encouraged to develop leadership or empathy skills through group projects or extracurricular activities.

Online Resources for Parents and Teachers

By adopting a broader perspective on intelligence and promoting a growth mindset, we can support children in developing comprehensively, discovering their passions and authentic talents. This not only builds their confidence but also provides a clear path to success and personal fulfillment.

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